Conjunction Definition, Types in English with Examples

Examples words
and , but, or, because, although

Example Sentences:

• I wanted to go out, but it started raining.
• She likes tea, and he prefers coffee.
• We can watch a movie or go for a walk.

Types of Conjunctions

Conjunctions are divided into three main types:

1. Coordinating Conjunctions
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
3. Correlative Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions

These are the most common conjunctions and are used to connect words, phrases, or independent clauses that are of equal importance. There are seven coordinating conjunctions that can be remembered using the acronym

FANBOYS:

• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So

Example words: and, but, or, so

Example sentences:

• I wanted to go out, but it started raining.
• She likes apples, and he loves oranges.
• You can stay home, or you can come with us.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions connect an independent clause (a complete sentence) with a dependent clause (a sentence that cannot stand alone). These conjunctions show the relationship between the two parts, such as time, cause, or contrast.

Subordinating conjunctions Words:

• Because
• Although
• Since
• When
• If
• While
• After
• Before

Example words: because, although, since, while

Example sentences:

• Because it was raining, we stayed inside.
• Although she was tired, she kept working.
• I’ll call you when I get home.

Paired Conjunctions

Paired conjunctions, also called correlative conjunctions, work in pairs to join equal elements in a sentence. They ensure balance and clarity by linking two equally important ideas or actions.

Paired conjunctions Words:

• Either…or
• Neither…nor
• Both…and
• Not only…but also

Example words: either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also

Example sentences:

• Either you come with me, or you stay here.
• Neither the rain nor the traffic could stop us.
• Not only did she finish her homework, but also she helped her brother.

Conjunction Example Sentences

• I love reading books, but I don’t have much time.
• She is tired, yet she keeps working hard.
• We can go to the park, or we can stay home.
• They didn’t finish their work because they were late.
• Although it was cold, we went for a walk.
• You can have tea or coffee, whichever you prefer.
• Since it’s raining, we should stay indoors.
• He likes both pizza and burgers.
• Neither the teacher nor the students were happy with the results.
• She wants to go shopping, but she doesn’t have any money.
• While I was cooking, my friend was watching TV.
• If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
• Not only is she smart, but also she is very kind.
• I went to the store because we needed some groceries.
• Although he was late, he still finished the project on time.

Common Conjunction Mistakes

Even though conjunctions are simple to use, they can lead to some common mistakes, especially for beginners. Let’s look at a few of the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.

Using the wrong conjunction

Sometimes, people choose a conjunction that doesn’t fit the relationship between the ideas in a sentence. For example:

✗ I studied hard, because I failed the test.
✓ I studied hard, but I failed the test.

“But” shows contrast, while because explains a reason. The sentence is expressing contrast, so but is the correct choice.

Starting a sentence with a conjunction incorrectly

While it is acceptable to start sentences with conjunctions in informal writing or speech, doing so incorrectly can make the sentence unclear:

✗ And I went to the store.
✓ I went to the store. And I bought some fruit.

Starting with a conjunction is fine as long as the sentence has a complete thought. In the first incorrect example, the sentence feels incomplete.

Forgetting to balance correlative conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions (like either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also) must always come in pairs. Forgetting one part of the pair leads to unbalanced sentences:

✗ He likes either coffee.
✓ He likes either coffee or tea.

The conjunction either must be paired with or to complete the sentence.

Incorrect punctuation with conjunctions

When connecting two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction, you need a comma before the conjunction. Missing it is a common mistake:

✗ I went to the park and I played football.
✓ I went to the park, and I played football.

There should be a comma before “and” because both parts are independent clauses (they can stand alone as complete sentences).

Overusing conjunctions

Overusing conjunctions can make sentences unnecessarily long or confusing. It’s important to break ideas into clear, concise sentences:

✗ She went to the store, and she bought some milk, and then she went home, and she made dinner.
✓ She went to the store, bought some milk, and then went home to make dinner.

In the second sentence, the ideas are clear and flow better without repetitive use of and.

Mixing up coordinating and subordinating conjunctions

Sometimes, people use subordinating conjunctions (like because, although) when a coordinating conjunction is needed, or vice versa:

✗ Because I was tired, but I still finished my work.
✓ Although I was tired, I still finished my work.

The first sentence mixes up the conjunctions, leading to confusion. Although expresses contrast better than because.

Using “so” without a reason

“So” is often used to show a reason or result, but beginners sometimes overuse it without providing a clear reason:

✗ I didn’t sleep well, so.
✓ I didn’t sleep well, so I’m tired today.

“So” should always lead to a result or effect. In the first example, the sentence is incomplete.

Starting a Sentence with a Conjunction

You can start a sentence with a conjunction (like and, but, or, so, yet, etc.). This can help your writing sound more natural and conversational.

Why Use It?

Starting with a conjunction can help connect ideas and make your writing flow better. It can also emphasize what you want to say.

• And I really enjoyed the movie.
• But I didn’t like the ending.
• Or we could try a different restaurant.

Common Mistakes

Make sure your sentence isn’t just a fragment. It should have a complete thought.

✓ But I still want to go out.
✗ And is my favorite season.

Don’t use this too much, or your writing might sound awkward.

✓ Yet I found a way to solve the problem.
✗ And I went to the store. And I bought some milk.

• Active Voice and Passive Voice
• Full Stop Definition, Function
• Adverbs of Frequency
• Hyphen Definition: Uses
• Auxiliary Verbs in English